Procain

Deep anesthesia as in cataract extraction: Instill 1 drop to the eye every 5 to 10 minutes for 5 to 7 doses.

Removal of sutures: Instill 1 or 2 drops to the eye 2 or 3 minutes before removal of stitches.

Removal of foreign bodies: Instill 1 or 2 drops to the eye prior to operating.

Tonometry: Instill 1 or 2 drops to the eye immediately before measurement.

Occasional temporary stinging, burning and conjunctival redness may occur with the use of Proparacaine.

Proparacaine is indicated for procedures in which a topical ophthalmic anesthetic is indicated: corneal anesthesia of short duration, e.g. tonometry, gonioscopy, removal of corneal foreign bodies, and for short corneal and conjunctival procedures. It is also indicated for use prior to surgical operations such as cataract extraction.

The main site of anesthetic action is the nerve cell membrane where proparacaine interferes with the large transient increase in the membrane permeability to sodium ions that is normally produced by a slight depolarization of the membrane. As the anesthetic action progressively develops in a nerve, the threshold for electrical stimulation gradually increases and the safety factor for conduction decreases; when this action is sufficiently well developed, block of conduction is produced. Several studies indicate that local anesthetics may limit sodium ion permeability by closing the pores through which the ions migrate in the lipid layer of the nerve cell membrane.

Prolonged use of a topical ocular anesthetic is not recommended. It may produce permanent corneal opacification with accompanying visual loss.

Ocular perioperative drugs