Pradox

Intramuscular-

Organophosphorus poisoning:

• Adult: Mild: 600 mg, repeat 1-2 times at 15 min intervals as needed. Severe: 1.8 g given as 3 inj of 600 mg in rapid succession. Persistent: May repeat the entire series (1.8 g) beginning 1 hr after admin of the last inj.
• Child: <40 kg: Mild: 15 mg/kg, repeat as needed every 15 min. Max: 45 mg/kg. Severe: 15 mg/kg, repeat twice in rapid succession to a total dose of 45 mg/kg. Persistent: May repeat the entire series (45 mg/kg) beginning 1 hr after admin of the last inj; ≥40 kg: Same as adult dose.

Intravenous-

Organophosphorus poisoning:

• Adult: In combination with atropine: Loading dose: 1-2 g by infusion over 15-30 min or slow inj over at least 5 min, may repeat dose after 1 hr then 10-12 hrly, as needed. Administer as soon as the effects of atropine are observed. Maintain atropinisation for at least 48 hr.
• Child: ≤16 yr Loading dose: 20-50 mg/kg (max: 2 g/dose) by inj over 15-30 min followed by 10-20 mg/kg/hr as continuous infusion. Alternatively, a repeat bolus of 20-50 mg/kg after 1 hr and repeated 10-12 hrly as needed; >16 yr Same as adult dose.

Poisoning or overdosage with compounds having muscarinic actions:

• Adult: Initially, 1-2 g, followed by 0.5-1 g/hr as infusion. Alternatively, the initial dose may be repeated after 1 hr and then 3-8 hrly as needed.

Drowsiness, dizziness, visual disturbances, nausea, HTN, tachycardia, headache, hyperventilation, muscle weakness, impaired renal function, elevated liver enzymes, transient increase in creatine phosphokinase, transient neuromuscular blockade; mild to moderate pain at inj site.

Manifestations of Overdosage: Observed in normal subjects only: dizziness, blurred vision, diplopia, headache, impaired accommodation, nausea, slight tachycardia. In therapy it has been difficult to differentiate side effects due to the drug from those due to the effects of the poison.

Pralidoxime reactivates cholinesterase outside the CNS that had been inactivated by phosphorylation due to exposure to certain organophosphates by displacing the enzyme from its receptor sites. It removes the phosphoryl group from the active site of the inactivated enzyme by nucleophilic attack, regenerating active cholinesterase and forming an oxime complex. It also detoxifies certain organophosphates by direct chemical reaction.

Patient with myasthenia gravis receiving anticholinesterase agents. Not indicated in the treatment of poisoning due to phosphorous, inorganic phosphates, or organophosphates without anticholinesterase activity and carbamate pesticides. Renal impairment. Pregnancy and lactation.

Antidote preparations